Topic 2 : OSI MODEL PROTOCOL

The Application Layer
consists of protocols that focus on process-to-process communication across an IP network and provides a firm communication interface and end-user services.

• DHCP -  client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway.
• FTP - the Internet's TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer. 
• SMTP - used when email is delivered from an email client, such as Outlook Express, to an email server or when email is delivered from one email server to another.
• POP3 -  client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you by your Internet server.
• IMAP - used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection
• HTTP - defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.

reference: Techopedia.com. (2017). What is the Application Layer? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/6006/application-layer [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017].

Presesntation Layer
used to present data to the application layer (layer 7) in an accurate, well-defined and standardized format. 

• AFP -  AppleTalk Filing Protocol, the client/server file sharing protocol used in an AppleTalk network.
• SMB - Server Message Block, a message format used by DOS and Windows to share files, directories and devices.
• NCP -  NetWare Core Protocol is the file-sharing protocol between server and client(
• SSL - 
• MIME - 

reference: Techopedia.com. (2017). What is the Presentation Layer? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8955/presentation-layer [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017].

The Session Layer
controls the connections between multiple computers.

ASP
NETBIOS

reference: Techopedia.com. (2017). What is the Session Layer? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9322/session-layer [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017].


The Transport Layer
provides logical communication between application processes running on different hosts within a layered architecture of protocols and other network components.

TCP
UDP
NETBEUI
SPX
ATP

reference: Techopedia.com. (2017). What is the Transport Layer? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/9760/transport-layer [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017].

The Network Layer
data routing paths for network communication.

Netware IPX/SPX -  Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange
Internet Protocol - a set of rules governing the format of data sent over the Internet or other network

IP
OSPF
BGP
NETBEUI
DDP

reference: Techopedia.com. (2017). What is the Network Layer? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24204/network-layer [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017].


Data link layer
 used for the encoding, decoding and logical organization of data bits. Data packets are framed and addressed by this layer, which has two sublayers.

media access control (MAC): allows the data link layer to provide the best data transmission vehicle and manage data flow control.
logical link control: manages error checking and data flow over a network.

ETHERNET
TOKEN RING
FDDI
IEEE 802.11
ATM

PPP - provide a standard way to transport multiprotocol data over point-to-point links. 

HDLC - rules for transmitting data between network points (sometimes called nodes).

reference: Techopedia.com. (2017). What is Data Link Layer? - Definition from Techopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/18698/data-link-layer [Accessed 18 Apr. 2017].